Bringing new cases, the age will share the truth & knowledge. Depicting the endless corruption, debt, hate, control and battle that is conditioned into our everyday lives. It will exist for the years 2010 to 2020 (The information age). It will be as even sided & independent as possible as we go through the greatest transition age of power & energy the human race has ever experienced
"The world, nor the universe is a small place, its 1 natural consciousness aware of itself"
The Mayans created a great civilisation in parts of what are now Mexico and Honduras and in Guatamala. The ancestors of the Mayans were hunters but about 2,500 BC they adopted farming as a way of life. In the years from 300 BC to 250 AD organised Mayan kingdoms emerged. Then from 250 AD to 600 AD an advanced civilisation emerged. The Mayans invented writing and they made great advances in astronomy and mathematics. Mayan civilsation was at its peak from 600 AD to 900 AD. However after 900 AD it declined. In the central rain forest cities were abandoned. We are not sure why. Perhaps there were ecological changes and famines occured. Or perhaps warfare between the different Mayan kingdoms caused disaster. At any rate in the far north and south people continued to live in cities. Mayan civilisation did not die completely. Then in the 1520s Spanish conquistadors invaded and conquered the Mayans. However the descendants of the Mayans continue to live on today.
MAYAN LIFE
Mayan Society
There was no single Mayan state. Instead there was a people with a single culture and religion divided into many city states. (Areas of countryside ruled by a city). Each city state or kingdom was ruled by an autocrat (a man with absolute power). However, although although they had unlimited power Mayan rulers usually had a council of important men to advise them. Warfare between Mayan kingdoms was common. In the centre of each Mayan city was an area of palaces, pyramid temples (some of them 70 metres high) and squares, where religious ceremonies were held. In the squares were stelae (upright stones) which were carved with the dates of important ceremonies and events. Ordinary people lived in the surrounding houses. Most of the Mayans lived in the countryside but many cities were large. Some had populations of 45,000.
Below the rulers were the nobles and priests. Below them were freemen, craftsmen and farmers. Below them were slaves who did all the hardest work. The Mayans did not have animals for carrying loads. All goods were carried by human beings. The Mayans did not have metal tools. All their weapons and tools were made from wood and stone. However the Mayans invented a system of writing using pictures to represent sounds. Writing was painted onto books made from fig tree bark. It was also painted on pottery. Unfortunately the Spaniards burned many Mayan books so little is known of their history.
The Mayans also wrote numbers and they had a symbol for zero, which was very unusual among ancient civilisations. The Mayans were excellent astronomers and they could predict eclipses. There is a lot of theories, conspiracies about what the mayans predicted such as the end of the long count calender ending on 21st December 2012, some believe it is the end of the world, some a new start and many other ideas.
The Maya civilization extended throughout the present-day southern Mexican states of Chiapas, Tabasco, and the Yucatán Peninsula states of Quintana Roo, Campeche and Yucatán. The Maya area also extended throughout the northern Central American region, including the present-day nations of Guatemala, Belize, Northern El Salvador and western Honduras. The Maya area is generally divided into three loosely defined zones: the southern Maya highlands, the central lowlands, and the northern lowlands. The southern Maya highlands include all of elevated terrain in Guatemala and the Chiapas highlands. The southern lowlands lie just north of the highlands, and incorporate the Mexican states of Campeche and Quintana Roo and northern Guatemala, Belize and El Salvador. The northern lowlands cover the remainder of the Yucatán Peninsula, including the Puuc hills.
In the foreign exchange market and international finance, a world currency, supranational currency, or global currency refers to a currency in which the vast majority of international transactions take place and which serves as the world's primary reserve currency. In March 2009, as a result of the global economic crisis, China pressed for urgent consideration of a global currency. A UN panel of expert economists has proposed replacing the current US dollar-based system by greatly expanding the International Monetary Fund's Special Drawing Rights (SDRs). Currencies have many forms depending on several properties: type of issuance, type of issuer and type of backing. The particular configuration of those properties leads to different types of money. The pros and cons of a currency are strongly influenced by the type proposed. Consider, for example, the properties of a complementary currency.
An alternative definition of a world or global currency refers to a hypothetical single global currency or supercurrency, as the proposed terra or the DEY (acronym for Dollar Euro Yen), produced and supported by a central bank which is used for all transactions around the world, regardless of the nationality of the entities (individuals, corporations, governments, or other organizations) involved in the transaction. No such official currency currently exists. There are many different variations of the idea, including a possibility that it would be administered by a global central bank or that it would be on the gold standard. Supporters often point to the euro as an example of a supranational currency successfully implemented by a union of nations with disparate languages, cultures, and economies. Alternatively, digital gold currency can be viewed as an example of how global currency can be implemented without achieving national government consensus. A limited alternative would be a world reserve currency issued by the International Monetary Fund, as an evolution of the existing Special Drawing Rights and used as reserve assets by all national and regional central banks. On 26 March 2009, a UN panel of expert economists called for a new global currency reserve scheme to replace the current US dollar-based system. The panel's report pointed out that the "greatly expanded SDR (Special Drawing Rights), with regular or cyclically adjusted emissions calibrated to the size of reserve accumulations, could contribute to global stability, economic strength and global equity." In addition to the idea of a single world currency, some evidence suggests the world may evolve multiple global currencies that exchange on a singular market system. The rise of digital global currencies owned by privately held companies or groups such as Ven suggest that multiple global currencies may offer wider formats for trade as they gain strength and wider acceptance.
THROUGHOUT ITS HISTORY SUDAN has been divided between its Arab heritage, identified with northern Sudan, and its African heritages to the south. The two groups are divided along linguistic, religious, racial, and economic lines, and the cleavage has generated ethnic tensions and clashes. Moreover, the geographical isolation of Sudan's southern African peoples has prevented them from participating fully in the country's political, economic, and social life. Imperial Britain acknowledged the north-south division by establishing separate administrations for the two regions. Independent Sudan further reinforced this cleavage by treating African southerners as a minority group. Another major factor that has affected Sudan's evolution is the country's relationship with Egypt. As early as the eighth millennium B.C., there was contact between Sudan and Egypt. Modern relations between the two countries began in 1820, when an Egyptian army under Ottoman command invaded Sudan. In the years following this invasion, Egypt expanded its area of control in Sudan down the Red Sea coast and toward East Africa's Great Lakes region. The sixty-four-year period of Egyptian rule, which ended in 1885, left a deep mark on Sudan's political and economic systems. The emergence of the Anglo-Egyptian condominium in 1899 reinforced the links between Cairo and Khartoum. After Sudan gained independence in 1956, Egypt continued to exert influence over developments in Sudan. Similarly, the period of British control (1899-1955) has had a lasting impact on Sudan. In addition to pacifying and uniting the country, Britain sought to modernize Sudan by using technology to facilitate economic development and by establishing democratic institutions to end authoritarian rule. Even in 1991, many of Sudan's political and economic institutions owed their existence to the British. Lastly, Sudan's postindependence history has been shaped largely by the southern civil war. This conflict has retarded the country's social and economic development, encouraged political instability, and led to an endless cycle of weak and ineffective military and civilian governments. The conflict appeared likely to continue to affect Sudan's people and institutions for the rest of the twentieth century, the Sudan civil war.
The origins of the civil war in the south date back to the 1950s. On August 18, 1955, the Equatoria Corps, a military unit composed of southerners, mutinied at Torit. Rather than surrender to Sudanese government authorities, many mutineers disappeared into hiding with their weapons, marking the beginning of the first war in southern Sudan. By the late 1960s, the war had resulted in the deaths of about 500,000 people. Several hundred thousand more southerners hid in the forests or escaped to refugee camps in neighboring countries.
By 1969 the rebels had developed foreign contacts to obtain weapons and supplies. Israel, for example, trained Anya Nya recruits and shipped weapons via Ethiopia and Uganda to the rebels. Anya Nya also purchased arms from Congolese rebels and international arms dealers with monies collected in the south and from among southern Sudanese exile communities in the Middle East, Western Europe, and North America. The rebels also captured arms, equipment, and supplies from government troops.
Militarily, Anya Nya controlled much of the southern countryside while government forces occupied the region's major towns. The guerrillas operated at will from remote camps. However, rebel units were too small and scattered to be highly effective in any single area. Estimates of Anya Nya personnel strength ranged from 5,000 to 10,000.
Government operations against the rebels declined after the 1969 coup. However, when negotiations failed to result in a settlement, Khartoum increased troop strength in the south to about 12,000 in 1969, and intensified military activity throughout the region. Although the Soviet Union had concluded a US$100 million to US$150 million arms agreement with Sudan in August 1968, which included T-55 tanks, armored personnel carriers, and aircraft, the nation failed to deliver any equipment to Khartoum by May 1969. During this period, Sudan obtained some Soviet-manufactured weapons from Egypt, most of which went to the Sudanese air force. By the end of 1969, however, the Soviet Union had shipped unknown quantities of 85mm antiaircraft guns, sixteen MiG-21s, and five Antonov-24 transport aircraft. Over the next two years, the Soviet Union delivered an impressive array of equipment to Sudan, including T-54, T-55, T56 , and T-59 tanks; and BTR-40 and BTR-152 light armored vehicles.
In 1971 Joseph Lagu, who had become the leader of southern forces opposed to Khartoum, proclaimed the creation of the Southern Sudan Liberation Movement (SSLM). Anya Nya leaders united behind him, and nearly all exiled southern politicians supported the SSLM. Although the SSLM created a governing infrastructure throughout many areas of southern Sudan, real power remained with Anya Nya, with Lagu at its head.
Despite his political problems, Nimeiri remained committed to ending the southern insurgency. He believed he could stop the fighting and stabilize the region by granting regional selfgovernment and undertaking economic development in the south. By October 1971, Khartoum had established contact with the SSLM. After considerable consultation, a conference between SSLM and Sudanese government delegations convened at Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, in February 1972. Initially, the two sides were far apart, the southerners demanding a federal state with a separate southern government and an army that would come under the federal president's command only in response to an external threat to Sudan. Eventually, however, the two sides, with the help of Ethiopia's Emperor Haile Selassie, reached an agreement.
The Addis Ababa accords guaranteed autonomy for a southern region--composed of the three provinces of Equatoria (present-day Al Istiwai), Bahr al Ghazal, and Upper Nile (present-day Aali an Nil)--under a regional president appointed by the national president on the recommendation of an elected Southern Regional Assembly. The High Executive Council or cabinet named by the regional president would be responsible for all aspects of government in the region except such areas as defense, foreign affairs, currency and finance, economic and social planning, and interregional concerns, authority over which would be retained by the national government in which southerners would be represented. Southerners, including qualified Anya Nya veterans, would be incorporated into a 12,000-man southern command of the Sudanese army under equal numbers of northern and southern officers. The accords also recognized Arabic as Sudan's official language, and English as the south's principal language, which would be used in administration and would be taught in the schools.
Although many SSLM leaders opposed the settlement, Lagu approved its terms and both sides agreed to a cease-fire. The national government issued a decree legalizing the agreement and creating an international armistice commission to ensure the well-being of returning southern refugees. Khartoum also announced an amnesty, retroactive to 1955. The two sides signed the Addis Ababa accords on March 27, 1972, which was thereafter celebrated as National Unity Day.
The World Petroleum Council (WPC) is an oil and gas industry forum and international organization representing the petroleum sector worldwide and soon to be owner and ruler of all the worlds oil under the new world order WPC has been called "the world’s premier oil & gas forum since 1933." It is widely recognised to "include the most prestigious national oil and gas companies and agencies of the world"
The premier conference that is organized by the World Petroleum Council is called the World Petroleum Congress. Starting in 1933, the congress was held every four years until 1991, with a 14-year hiatus in between because of World War II. After 1991, it was held every three years until the year 2000. There was a move to have it hosted every two years after the 2000 edition, with Rio de Janeiro hosting one in 2002, but the cycle returned to every three years after that. In order to host a congress, there is a bidding process by interested cities for one in a particular year.
Structure
The Council is the governing body of the World Petroleum Council which convenes once a year. Its global membership elects the President and an Executive Committee every three years to develop and execute its strategy. The Council also selects the host country for the next World Petroleum Congress from the candidate countries. To ensure the scientific and topical quality of the event the Council elects a Congress Programme Committee whose members are responsible for delivering the high-level content for its Congresses.
The Secretariat of the World Petroleum Council is based in London, under the leaderhsip of the Director General and his dedicated team.
http://www.world-petroleum.org/
World Petroleum Council Vision
The WPC's core value and purpose, as stated in the Constitution, centres on sustaining and improving the lives of people throughout the world controlling at least 95% of all the producd and consumed oil in the world.
The World Petroleum Council's (WPC) main purpose is to catalyse and facilitate dialogue amongst internal and external stakeholders aimed at seeking solutions to key technical, social, environmental and management challenges in global energy issues for the benefit of mankind. In doing so, the WPC will contribute towards sustainable growth.
The WPC does not take a position on the key issues facing oil and gas; but it provides a forum where the solutions to key challenges can be addressed.
The World Petroleum Congress
Every three years, the World Petroleum Council organizes the World Petroleum Congress as the principal meeting place for a global discussion of oil and gas issues. Following a twelve month campaign period, one of the candidate countries is selected by its fellow Council members to host the next World Petroleum Congress. Qatar will be the host of the 20th World Petroleum Congress in 2011
AT&T Inc. is an American multinational telecommunications corporation headquartered in Whitacre Tower, Dallas, Texas, United States. It is the largest provider of mobile telephony and fixed telephony in the United States, and is also a provider of broadband and subscription television services. As of 2010, AT&T is the 7th largest company in the United States by total revenue, as well as the 4th largest non-oil company in the US (behind Walmart, General Electric and Bank of America). It is the 3rd largest company in Texas by total revenue (behind ExxonMobil and ConocoPhillips) and the largest non-oil company in Texas. It is also the largest company headquartered in Dallas. In 2011, Forbes listed AT&T as the 14th largest company in the world by market value and the 9th largest non-oil company in the world by market value. It is the 21st largest mobile telecom operator in the world with over 100.7 million mobile customers. Southwestern Bell Corporation was one of seven Regional Bell Operating Companies that were incorporated in 1983 by AT&T Corp following the break-up of the original AT&T as a result of the United States v. AT&T antitrust suit. The company changed its name in 1995 to SBC Communications Inc. and again in 2005 to AT&T Inc. after it purchased its former parent company, AT&T Corporation. The newly merged company took on the iconic AT&T logo and stock-trading symbol (NYSE: T, for "telephone"). The current AT&T reconstitutes much of the former Bell System and includes ten of the original 22 Bell Operating Companies along with one it partially owned (Southern New England Telephone), and the original long distance division. The company is headquartered in downtown Dallas, Texas
Bell Operating Companies
AT&T payphone signage. Of the twenty-two Bell Operating Companies which AT&T Corp. owned prior to the 1984 agreement to divest, eleven (BellSouth Telecommunications combines two former BOCs) have become a part of the new AT&T Inc. with the completion of their acquisition of BellSouth Corporation on December 29, 2006:
BellSouth Telecommunications (formerly known as Southern Bell; includes former South Central Bell) Illinois Bell Indiana Bell Michigan Bell Nevada Bell (formerly known as Bell Telephone Company of Nevada) Ohio Bell Pacific Bell (formerly Pacific Telephone & Telegraph) Southwestern Bell Wisconsin Bell (formerly Wisconsin Telephone) Southern New England Telephone – Now wholly owned; the original AT&T held 16.8% interest prior to 1984.
Former operating companies
The following companies have gone to defunct status under SBC/AT&T ownership: Southwestern Bell Texas – a separate operating company created by SBC, absorbed operations of original SWBT on December 30, 2001 and became Southwestern Bell Telephone, L.P.; eventually merged into SWBT Inc. in 2007 which became the current Southwestern Bell Woodbury Telephone – merged into Southern New England Telephone on June 1, 2007.
These are the people who dared to cross the line to expose the elite
Maralyn Monroe
MARILYN MONROE: (June 1, 1926 – August 5, 1962) In 1955, an acting coach recommended that Monroe undergo psychoanalysis to tap into her "explosive energy." She started and eventually saw psychiatrist Marianne Kris, who prescribed the barbiturates the actress abused until her death. Of the psychoanalysis, Monroe said she felt "as if I were going around in circles. It was always…not where I was going but where had I been?" In 1960, Monroe saw psychiatrist Ralph Greenson, whose control over her was swift, severing all her close relationships. By 1962, she realized—too late—that she must "disconnect from Greenson." After spending six hours with him, she was found dead of a drug overdose. In the seven years prior to psychiatry’s influence, Monroe had made 23 movies. In the seven years of her psychiatric "care," she only made six films. http://www.cchr.org/index.cfm/5324
In January, 1995, this co-author’s newsletter From A Follower of Christ had a feature article on Marilyn Monroe. Monarch mind-controlled slaves like Loretta Lynn and Marilyn Monroe lived tightly controlled lives, and were not allowed to drive automobiles. The one exception is that Loretta has been allowed to drive her car around the ranch. The following is some excerpts from the co-author’s January ‘95 newsletter because it gives a good example of how Marilyn Monroe, a mind-controlled slave had her life very tightly controlled.
Excerpts ...On a day in October, 1957, a woman named Lena Pepitone was hired to take care of Marilyn Monroe. In 1979, she published her memories of the time she was the primary person taking care of Marilyn Monroe. I personally think that Lena Pepitone was clean, and didn’t know what she was dealing with. She describes in detail her life with Marilyn Monroe. The inside story of life with Marilyn is nothing like people might imagine. Lena’s book is such a clear description of how life with a Monarch slave can be--that I decided to use her book as the basis of some articles.
Marilyn Monroe was an orphan, and during her infancy the Illuminati/CIA programmed her to be a Monarch slave. Before becoming an actress, while she was still a stripper, she spent time with the founder of the Church of Satan Anton LaVey. Victims of LaVey have pointed him out as a mind-control programmer. At that time, Marilyn was going by several names including Mona. When they made her a star, Marilyn lived on the 13th floor, in 13E at Sutton Place, NY - the world of the rich and famous. That is where Lena came to help her.
However, Marilyn’s existence was not that of a rich person, but was more like that of an inmate. Marilyn was allowed to have no personal life, outside of the dictates of her programmers and her masters. The programmers and users bore down so hard on controlling Marilyn that they repeatedly came close to driving her insane. Marilyn ‘s bedroom where she lived for most of her life was definitely not a queen ‘s chamber... There were no paintings, no flowers, no windows with a view in the cramped square room, only mirrors. Marilyn’s controllers kept her down. Even when she was famous and great, she lived like a slave. She was not allowed to have any self-esteem beyond what she was programmed for.
JFK
Many theorie abound as to who killed John Fitzgerald Kennedy (May 29, 1917 – November 22, 1963).The CIA, the mob, Castro, the banking elite have all been implicated.There is only one orginization with the power and evil intent to do such a deed. First of all,let me take you back 900 years to the crusades. If you are a student of history you may have came across an organization known as the Knights Templar.The crusading knights started out for a noble cause.To rid the holy land of the scourges of islam.Knights pledged themselves to the service of christ.They took vows of poverty and chastity.All was well for decades until the knights linked up with a muslim sect known as the order of assassins.There the knights took part in all that christianity reguards as evil,including urinating on all christian relics and engaging in homosexual behavior.In time the templars gained great strength and wealth becoming the first international bankers.King Phillip the third of France and The Pope of Rome conspired to arrest all the templars and seize their wealth,which they did.They executed the templar knights,including Jauques Demolay who swore vengence upon the catholic church.As time went on the templars,were taken over by freemasonry and masonry was swallowed by the Illuminati. Now to 1963, As you all know, kennedy was a catholic. Look at the date he was killed.He was killed 11-22-1963.11 and 22 add up to 33.There are 33 degrees in freemasonry. He was killed at noon.In masonic literature 12 noon is when the sun is at its most high. The sun is a Symbol for lucifer.He suffered 3 wounds,to the head, throat,and back. In masonic literature Hiram abiff the bulider of solomons temple,was killed by three ruffians for refusing to reveal the "secrets" of a "master" builder. Abiff was killed by blows to the head, throat and back, (see the book:morals and dogma by albert pike).To add further insult to the US nation they made kennedys wife Jackie, the person who I believe murdered him light the eternal flame at his grave.The eternal flame is the symbol of the illuminati, but why did they want him dead...?, he had revealed some secrets of the orders but this wasn't too bad, the main reason he was killed was because himself and a large circle of friends from the industries, corporations, bankers, politicians were going to put physical silver and gold into the US economy, which eventually would have bankrupted the federal reserve, freeing the americans from continual debt and the secret orders he had exposed.
Bob Marley
Despite tmany US and CIA failed attempts to tarnish and taint the reputation of the Rastafari Kulcha, Bob Marley (6 February 1945 – 11 May 1981) and Peter Tosh continued leading the way for a world wide revolution in thinking and thought. Their militant brand of hardcore Rootz Reggae was revolutionary in its impact. The Word Sound & Power of their Muzik, inspired political, economic, social and religious changes all over the globe. The anti-apartheid movement in South Africa drew inspiration from Marley Muzik; the Zimbabwean freedom fighters engaged in a guerrilla struggle against Ian Smith’s colonial Rhodesian settler regime, drew inspiration from Marley Muzik; even young, rich White kids in America from name-brand families were starting to hang out at Wailers concerts, were starting to dig the message in Marley’s muzik and were becoming inspired to work for social change and to “Chant Down Babylon” That was motive enough for Marley’s murder. Marley was succeeding in a rhythmic revolution that utilized music as a more efficient tool than guns and bombs. Bob Marley, his mere personae, his instantly and internationally recognized image and look, his use and promotion of the “Wisdom Weed’, his verbal and material support of global Pan-African Liberation, and the fact that Bob Marley had become a millionaire –a Black Jamaican-born, pro-African, independent-thinking millionaire Rastaman- who could now put his own money where his mouth was and finance whatever project he wanted to… All of these factors made Bob Marley a very serious threat to the North American status quo and to the hidden power brokers trying to implement their plan for a New World Order.
By 1980, Bob Marley was the most popular ‘Third World’ muzik star on the planet and his immense influence was growing geometrically. The final straw that prompted clandestine covert operations against Marley was probably when Bob put the immortal words of HIM Emperor Haile Selassie I to muzik in the brilliant composition entitled “War”. When they heard: “Until the color of a man’s skin makes no more significance than the color of his eyes, there will be war… Until there are no first or second class citizens of any nation - war… Until the ignoble and unhappy regimes that hold our brothers in Angola, Mozambique, South Africa, have been toppled and utterly destroyed - War. And until bigotry, prejudice and malicious and inhuman self interest have been replaced by tolerance, understanding and good will… everywhere is war.” When the CIA types heard that song, they brought in the heavyweights and the battle went to another dimension. Unfortunately, Bob Marley never really knew that he had already been “Marked For Death”. And as Del Jones chronicles inhis “Culture Bandits” series of books, Bob was soon eradicated as a revolutionary 3rd World Icon and replaced in the early 1980’s by Michael Jackson.
O.K., so now you agree that they had a reason and a motive to kill Marley, but now you’re wondering, how could they give him cancer? According to the popular version of events, Bob is supposed to have contracted cancer after bruising his toe and losing a toe-nail while playing soccer in France in 1977. In his revealing book, “Marley And Me”, former Wailers manager Don Taylor notes that an unknown doctor came and gave Bob a still unknown injection in his toe right after the ball game was interrupted Malignant cancer, originating in the same toe, was diagnosed some time after. But the origin of the melanoma (the most virulent and deadly kind of cancer found in Humans) that took Bob’s life, may be concealed in little known events that took place at an even earlier time. In a very interesting cover article published in the February 2002 issue of High Times magazine, the authors disclose that in 1976, Carl Colby, son of ex-CIA Director William Colby, visited the Hope Road home of Marley and gave the Reggae Star a gift in the form of a pair of boots. The High Times article quotes eyewitnesses as saying that Bob cried out “Ow!” when he stuck a foot in one of the boots. Something had jucked (stuck) him in the toe(s). Talk about being aware or beware of “Greeks baring gifts”. Subsequent investigation of the boot by hand, retrieved a piece of copper wire that had been sticking up inside the footwear. Entitled, “Chanting Down Babylon: The CIA and the Death of Bob Marley”, the High Times article went on to pose another Blunt Question: had the copper wire found in Bob’s new boot been chemically treated with a carcinogenic toxin? There is no doubting that with today’s technology, carcinogenic (that is cancer-causing) substances can be introduced into the human body very easily by a variety of means. By food, drink, smoke, sex, a pin/wire prick, or with the spike of an umbrella.
As the High Times article also observed, 1976 was a time when Jamaica, under the leadership of the Democratic Socialist and pro-Castro Prime Minister Michael Manley, was known to be under direct destabilization efforts by the CIA. According to High Times, Marley and Tosh as Reggae musicians, were targeted in particular because they were using their music to alert the Jamaican people to the dangers of the ongoing CIA covert operations. The visit to Marley by Carl Colby, who was supposedly posing as a member of a foreign film crew, took place a week after the “Ambush In the Night” during which Bob and Rita Marley and Don Taylor were all shot and wounded during the first upfront assassination attempt. Most people took that attack as involving only local partisan politics, with the opposition JLP not wanting Marley & the Wailers to perform at the PNP-Government sponsored and free Smile Jamaica concert days before a hotly contested General Election in Jamaica in December 1976. Marley appeared and performed for a mostly inner-city, urban audience on the Smile Jamaica Concert in the National Heroes Circle, in spite of the gun attack.
During a December, 1971 rally at the University of Michigan (Ann Arbor), undercover FBI agents recorded remarks made by Lennon and others. This is only one case of many, all pointing to a pattern of consistent governmental spying upon Lennon. Under the Freedom of Information Act, Bresler obtained U.S. government files on Lennon. The files show that Lennon was under constant government surveillance, especially during the years 1971-1972.
For example, in an April 10, 1972 memorandum from J. Edgar Hoover to the FBI's New York office, Hoover orders his agents to "...promptly initiate discrete efforts to locate subject [Lennon] and remain aware of his activities and movements. Handle inquiries only through established sources... Careful attention should be given to reports that subject is heavy narcotics user and any information developed in this regard should be furnished to narcotics authorities and immediately furnished to bureau in form suitable for dissemination. "Lennon knew from early in 1972 that he was under constant surveillance, being followed in the streets and with his telephone tapped." The ex-Beatle was aware of the surveillance by secret police agencies and so stated on several occasions. For example, in December 1975 he told one interviewer, "We knew we were being wire-tapped... there was a helluva lot of guys coming in to fix the phones."
"Moral Turpitude"
One of the methods used by the U.S. government to harass Lennon was the threat of deportation. The government had extra leverage in its efforts due to a previous conviction against Lennon which charged him with "moral turpitude." On October 18, 1968, in Britain, Lennon and Ono had been arrested and charged with possession of 1.5 ounces of marijuana. Two weeks before the bust, Lennon had been warned that the police were out to get him because he was a "loudmouth." As a precaution, he had (as he put it) "cleaned the house out [of drugs]." Nevertheless, marijuana was found in the house by the police. According to Lennon, he had been set up. His opinion is backed up by the fact that the arresting officer was later sentenced to two years in prison for planting evidence in other cases.
Arthur O'Connor, the lieutenant who was commanding officer of the twentieth precinct of the New York police that dealt with Lennon's murder. He quotes O'Connor as saying, "As far as you are trying to build up some kind of conspiracy, I would support you in that line. Like I said originally over the phone, if this gentleman [Chapman] wanted to get away with it, he could have got away with it. There was the subway across the road and no one around to stop him." Instead, once Chapman had accomplished his task, he calmly sat and waited for police to come. "Why one method rather than the other, the amateur as against the professional? Because that way you avoid any awkward questions. If Lennon had been gunned down by a professional killer, the whole world would have known: such swift expert assassinations carry their own individual hallmark. It would have been obvious what had happened and, with Lennon's history of anti-government radical political activity, there would have been [an in-depth investigation]."
More than a decade on, conspiracy theories surrounding the death of Princess Diana have finally been laid to rest — or have they?
The crash occurred just after midnight on August 31, 1997. A limousine carrying Diana, the divorced Princess of Wales, and her then-paramour Dodi Al Fayed, the son of an Egyptian billionaire, collided with a pillar in the Alma Tunnel in central Paris. Al Fayed and the driver, Henri Paul, were pronounced dead at the scene. Diana was taken by ambulance to Pitié-Salpétrière Hospital, where she died a few hours later of cardiac arrest. Only Al Fayed's bodyguard survived the accident. Some say it was an accident, some say it was the paparazi, some say it was the royal family, but she was just about to represent Palestine on the worlds stage, so was it the Mossad.
When Diana was laid to rest on September 6, millions of people lined the streets of London to observe the funeral procession; at least two billion more throughout the world watched on TV. Her brother, the 9th Earl of Spencer, eulogized Diana as "the very essence of compassion, of duty, of style, of beauty." Then he added: "It is a point to remember that of all the ironies about Diana, perhaps the greatest was this: a girl given the name of the ancient goddess of hunting was, in the end, the most hunted person of the modern age."
Not everyone was satisfied with the official version of events, however. Within hours of the announcement of her death, rumors of a plot to assassinate Princess Diana had begun to swirl. The main culprits: the royal family, assisted by the British intelligence service. Why, you ask, would the House of Windsor want Princess Diana dead? Because, the whisper campaign went, she was poised to embarrass the crown by marrying Dodi Al Fayed, a Muslim, who would become stepfather to Princes William and Harry, the heirs to the British throne. It was even speculated that Diana was pregnant with Al Fayed's child, very bad for the royal family as it broke the holy blood line. These paranoid accusations gained more traction than they deserved thanks to their tabloid appeal, not to mention the tireless championing of Mohamed Al Fayed, Dodi's father, who refuses to this day to believe the fatal car crash was a mere accident. It was suggested that an agent of MI6, the British intelligence service, was present at the scene, posing as a member of the press. It was suggested that a mysterious vehicle, a white Fiat Uno, was used by the conspirators to block the limousine's path, forcing it to collide with the pillar. It was suggested that recordings from closed-circuit cameras in the Alma Tunnel which ought have documented the precise sequence of events were either tampered with or summarily disposed of. And so on.
2pac
Tupac Amaru Shakur (June 16, 1971 – September 13, 1996), known by his stage names 2Pac and Makaveli, was an American rapper and actor. Shakur has sold over 75 million albums worldwide as of 2007, making him one of the best-selling music artists in the world of all time. Rolling Stone Magazine named him the 86th Greatest Artist of All Time. In addition to his career as a rap artist, he was also an actor. The themes of most of Tupac's songs are the violence and hardship in inner cities, racism, other social problems, and conflicts with other rappers during the East Coast – West Coast hip hop rivalry. Shakur began his career as a roadie, backup dancer and MC for the alternative hip hop group Digital Underground. Then he later linked up with Suge Knight to create his own albums and tours, he later joined up with the likes of Dr dre, snoop dogg and Notorious B.I.G. On the outside as portrayed by the media he was a loud, drug taking thug who was influencing the youth of America in a bad way, but he was none of this he wrote lyrics that exposed the people running the world, he showed people different ways to tackle them and its also known that secretly he had a number of half way houses and he spent most of his wealth on funding homeless shelters, the reason he didn't want it known was a few reasons, he wasn't doing it because he wanted to sell records, he was doing it because he was in that position once, another reason he kept it quite because the Oakland police, IRS and CIA were always watching his every move, he was a danger to the US and the world he knew this so question is, was he killed or like he predicted he faked his own death to live in private, safe from the people who wanted him dead, the official report is On September 7, 1996, Shakur was shot four times in the Las Vegas metropolitan area of Nevada. He was taken to the University Medical Center, where he died 6 days later of respiratory failure and cardiac arrest.
To preserve Shakur's legacy, his mother founded the Shakur Family Foundation (later re-named the Tupac Amaru Shakur Foundation or TASF) in 1997. The TASF's stated mission is to "provide training and support for students who aspire to enhance their creative talents." The TASF sponsors essay contests, charity events, a performing arts day camp for teenagers and undergraduate scholarships. The Foundation officially opened the Tupac Amaru Shakur Center for the Arts (TASCA) in Stone Mountain, Georgia, on June 11, 2005. On November 14, 2003, a documentary about Shakur entitled Tupac: Resurrection was released under the supervision of his mother and narrated entirely in his voice. It was nominated for Best Documentary in the 2005 Academy Awards. Proceeds will go to a charity set up by Shakur's mother Afeni. On April 17, 2003, Harvard University co-sponsored an academic symposium entitled "All Eyez on Me: Tupac Shakur and the Search for the Modern Folk Hero." The speakers discussed a wide range of topics dealing with Shakur's impact on everything from entertainment to sociology
Michael Jackson
Michael Joseph Jackson (August 29, 1958 – June 25, 2009) was an American recording artist, entertainer, and businessman. Referred to as the King of Pop, or by his initials MJ, Jackson is recognized as the most successful entertainer of all time by Guinness World Records. His contribution to music, dance, and fashion, along with a much-publicized personal life, made him a global figure in popular culture for over four decades. The seventh child of the Jackson family, he debuted on the professional music scene along with his brothers as a member of The Jackson 5, then the Jacksons in 1964, and began his solo career in 1971.
In the early 1980s, Jackson became a dominant figure in popular music. The music videos for his songs, including those of "Beat It", "Billie Jean", and "Thriller", were credited with transforming the medium into an art form and a promotional tool, and the popularity of these videos helped to bring the relatively new television channel MTV to fame. Videos such as "Black or White" and "Scream" made him a staple on MTV in the 1990s. Through stage performances and music videos, Jackson popularized a number of dance techniques, such as the robot and the moonwalk, to which he gave the name. His distinctive musical sound and vocal style have influenced numerous hip hop, pop, contemporary R&B, and rock artists.
Some years during the 1990's Michael Jackson had become very outspoken when it came to the injustices of the Music Industry towards their artists, he had stated very clear in several press conferences that there was a conspiracy to destroy his image, ever since he broke all of the Beatles and Elvis records he had seen how the media immediately turned on him, he even went as far as describing Tommy Motola as “a devil”. Many times also in his songs and videos we can appreciate how he felt about the Illuminati and the control they had over him, this can also be seen in many of his early videos which are many times full of symbolism. He went through the courts many times on child sex abuses and many other lies and conspiracies have ben reported by the wolds media.
His sister Latoya “I believe Michael was murdered,” she said. “I felt that from the start. Not just one person was involved, rather it was a conspiracy of people. He was surrounded by a bad circle. Michael was a very meek, quiet, loving person. People took advantage of that. People fought to be close to him, people who weren’t always on his side.”
“He had needle marks on his neck and on his arms and more about those will emerge in the next few weeks,” she said. ” I cannot discuss that any further as I may jeopardize the investigation. I can, however, say that I have not changed my mind about my feeling that Michael was murdered.”
Problem gambling (ludomania) is an urge to gamble despite harmful negative consequences or a desire to stop. Problem gambling often is defined by whether harm is experienced by the gambler or others, rather than by the gambler's behavior. Severe problem gambling may be diagnosed as clinical pathological gambling if the gambler meets certain criteria. Although the term gambling addiction is common in the recovery movement[1] pathological gambling is considered to be an impulse control disorder and is therefore not considered by the American Psychological Association to be an addiction.
Definition
Research by governments in Australia led to a universal definition for that country which appears to be the only research based definition not to use diagnostic criteria.
Problem gambling is characterized by many difficulties in limiting money and/or time spent on gambling which leads to adverse consequences for the gambler, others, or for the community.
Most other definitions of problem gambling can usually be simplified to any gambling that causes harm to the gambler or someone else in any way. However, these definitions are usually coupled with descriptions of the type of harm or the use of diagnostic criteria. According to DSM-IV, Pathological gambling is now defined as separate from a manic episode. Only when the gambling occurs independent of other impulsive, mood, or thought disorders is it considered its own diagnosis. In order to be diagnosed, an individual must have at least five of the following symptoms:
Preoccupation. The subject has frequent thoughts about gambling experiences, whether past, future, or fantasy.
Tolerance. As with drug tolerance, the subject requires larger or more frequent wagers to experience the same "rush".
Withdrawal. Restlessness or irritability associated with attempts to cease or reduce gambling.
Escape. The subject gambles to improve mood or escape problems.
Chasing. The subject tries to win back gambling losses with more gambling.
Lying. The subject tries to hide the extent of his or her gambling by lying to family, friends, or therapists.
Loss of control. The person has unsuccessfully attempted to reduce gambling.
Illegal acts. The person has broken the law in order to obtain gambling money or recover gambling losses. This may include acts of theft, embezzlement, fraud, or forgery.
Risked significant relationship. The person gambles despite risking or losing a relationship, job, or other significant opportunity.
Bailout. The person turns to family, friends, or another third party for financial assistance as a result of gambling.
As with many disorders, the DSM-IV definition of pathological gambling is widely accepted and used as a basis for research and clinical practice internationally.
Biological basis
According to the Illinois Institute for Addiction Recovery, recent evidence indicates that pathological gambling is an addiction similar to chemical addiction. It has been seen that some pathological gamblers have lower levels of norepinephrine than normal gamblers.
According to a logical study conducted by Alec Roy, M.D. formerly at the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, norepinephrine is secreted under stress, arousal, or thrill, so pathological gamblers gamble to make up for their under-dosage.
Further to this, according to a report from the Harvard Medical School Division on Addictions there was an experiment constructed where test subjects were presented with situations where they could win, lose or break even in a casino-like environment. Subjects' reactions were measured using fMRI, a neuro-imaging technique very similar to MRI. And according to Hans Breiter, MD, co-director of the motivation and Emotion Neuroscience Centre at the Massachusetts General Hospital, "Monetary reward in a gambling-like experiment produces brain activation very similar to that observed in a cocaine addict receiving an infusion of cocaine."
Deficiencies in serotonin might also contribute to compulsive behavior, including a gambling addictions.
The indigenous Kazakhs were a nomadic Turkic people who belonged to several divisions of Kazakh hordes. They grouped together in settlements and lived in dome-shaped tents made of felt called yurts. Their tribes migrated seasonally to find pastures for their herds of sheep, horses, and goats. Although they had chiefs, the Kazakhs were rarely united as a single nation under one great leader. Their tribes fell under Mongol rule in the 13th century and they were dominated by Tartar khanates until the area was conquered by Russia in the 18th century.
The area became part of the Kirgiz Autonomous Republic formed by the Soviet authorities in 1920, and in 1925 this entity's name was changed to the Kazakh Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (Kazakh ASSR). After 1927, the Soviet government began forcing the nomadic Kazakhs to settle on collective and state farms, and the Soviets continued the czarist policy of encouraging large numbers of Russians and other Slavs to settle in the region.
Owing to the region's intensive agricultural development and its use as a testing ground for nuclear weapons by the Soviet government, serious environmental problems developed by the late 20th century. Along with the other central Asian republics, Kazakhstan obtained its independence from the collapsing Soviet Union in 1991. Kazakhstan proclaimed its membership in the Commonwealth of Independent States on Dec. 21, 1991, along with ten other former Soviet republics. In 1993, the country overwhelmingly approved the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty. President Nursultan Nazarbayev restructured and consolidated many operations of the government in 1997, eliminating a third of the government's ministries and agencies. In 1997, the national capital was changed from Almaty, the largest city, to Astana (formerly Aqmola).
Kazakhstan lies in the north of the central Asian republics and is bounded by Russia in the north, China in the east, Kyrgyzstan and Uzbekistan in the south, and the Caspian Sea and part of Turkmenistan in the west. It has almost 1,177 mi (1,894 km) of coastline on the Caspian Sea. Kazakhstan is about four times the size of Texas. The territory is mostly steppe land with hilly plains and plateaus.
President: Nursultan A. Nazarbayev (1990)
Prime Minister: Karim Masimov (2007)
Land area: 1,049,150 sq mi (2,717,300 sq km); total area: 1,049,150 sq mi (2,717,300 sq km)
Population (2010 est.): 15,460,484 (growth rate: 0.4%); birth rate: 16.6/1000; infant mortality rate: 24.9/1000; life expectancy: 68.2; density per sq km: 5
Capital (2003 est.): Astana, 288,200 (formerly Aqmola; capital since 1997)
The government, the whole idea of the government and the system in which the government controls, is it a legitimate system...? people against the government will disagree, but its a perfectly crafted system, it abides by its own laws. Its like a watering hole in the middle of the African planes, the only 1 for hundreds of miles, all the animals come to drink, wash and play, its an important legitimate place, but the government, Is it real...? no its not real, I'm not saying it doesn't exist, its there, but its not real in the sense that it never will or never has helped humanity or the people of the UK in its survival. Supporters of the government will say that comment is rubbish, but really, how does it work...?
Well normal everyday people from around the country start up locally, they join their local political party, work there way up from a young age by helping out in the community, helping charities, political parties or by joining certain high society local circles or groups such as a rotary club, freemasons or golf club until your the best, well connected and most powerful person in your area for that party and then all the political parties battle it out for the 1 position of power which makes you a member of parliament (MP), how they do this is by promising extra jobs, better healthcare, safer streets, securing cash donations and then around 15% of all of the people eligible in the UK vote, most usually born into a certain political party circle will stick to their own all their life, but others vote for anyone or who they feel is best at that certain time as they feel they should vote and it will make a difference, some voters even quote that false saying, "if you don't vote, you have no say or right in this country". Then from all over the land 650 MP's are selected to supposedly sit in Westminster, London for a minimum salary of £65,738 plus they can claim money for ALL of their travel, mortgage and shopping payments and they then decide how the UK is run for the Queen, Elizabeth the 2nd, and a prime minister the head of all the government is appointed by and for the queen. Then Certain MP's or groups will come up with new laws or bills in which they are then put into parliament for all the MP's to discus and then if the majority agree on it, it then goes to the house of lords, the owners of all the lands, the lords and ladies then vote to make it law, the same process happens if they want to change a law or scrap a law. It costs around £160 million before they have even spent 1 pence on the country to employ all of these MP's and heads of departments. So voting has NO effect what's so ever on how this country is run it just keeps the continual system going and all voters are doing (like playing the lottery) are voting to hope someone they voted for gets into power and when that MP gets in power they then "suggest " (thats all, "suggest ") a new law for the lords, ladies and above all the Queen and crown to decide if they agree on because they rule and set the laws of the lands. Lets just pretend for a second it does, your vote does count, how come certain laws are being put through by MP's at westminster and passing on to the house of lords, that help certain industries, corporations or rich persons make even more money easier, the same certain industries, corporations or rich persons that paid "cash donations" to help that certain MP get into his position of power (an MP) to then put that certain law through to the house of lords. Then the higher up in government the higher the salary, more power and opportunities they get and the more change comes from that MP and all the ad things that previous MP's did are forgotten as they run their government departments, and also in their high society local circles or groups such as a rotary club, freemasons, they rise up and the power and influence gets greater, some are then selected to become bilderberg members, which is where the continental power is, MP's and government workers, major corporation workers all attend and discus how their continent is run, its just a bigger version of the UK government and is just a stepping stone to a 1 world government which many world and continental leaders, corporations and rich persons have called for to run the whole world.
Then within the government there is (and this is where the whole system is even more corrupted) over 1000 government departments which is led by 20 Select committee's covering all aspects of human life and if your a teenager, young or just not very clever or well educated all these names and amounts of departments can be confusing or even hard to find and then understand as kids are not taught about any of these subjects in school, which is why many feel disjointed from society, want to cause trouble, take drugs and never get anywhere in life (which is a huge profit for the government) and a huge divide of the 5% rich, 35% middle class and 60% poor becomes very apparent. Each of these departments will have a head or leader on a minimum salary of £40,000 and each department has hundreds of workers (around 453,000) on salaries working in resource wasteful buildings and offices and they are all working out of the loop, not knowing what one department is doing from one day to another (security reasons), so no body knows anything, and before you know the newly MP just voted in wants to change the system that everyone has got used to so each department then has to train its staff to that new system and this happens every 4 years, which all costs a huge amount of time and money to do. So where does this money come from...?, 98% of the UK population believe that the working tax and national insurance some pay, goes to pay for all of these departments, the government and then all the services, resources and systems they provide, but this is false. The government "borrows"the money with "added interest" off the Bank of England according to how big the economy is and how big the need for money to be put into circulation is, then 3% is printed into real fiat cash at the royal mint and the other 97% is filtered through to the major national banks who then loan it out with added interest, some banks can even create up to 9 times the amount of "real assets and paper money" they have in their reserves (this is fractional reserve banking), and pays for the countries budget which most of it is just a wasteful system, not needed and other departments of the system which are pointless. So the money from national insurance, is placed as the countries insurance to the bank of England and then the working tax goes to pay for the interest repayments on the countries budget, or if you think about it, you are paying for money to exist and the money supply will always out do the amount of money the people will ever be able to pay back, this is endless debt, a never ending circle. If we managed to pay off all the debts, then there would be no money in circulation. So we have a system that we pay double for to exist and have no say in how its run, they supposedly supply us with everything we need, they set laws for us in which we all have to live by, but we then have to pay more money (council tax) for another "locally run system", the council and all its members (councilors), run the lands and laws on a local level.
The Black Hand, is an unofficial name for the secret military society in the Serbian army in the Kingdom of Serbia, which was founded on September 6, 1901. It was a part of the Greater Serbia movement, with the intention of uniting all of the territories containing Serb populations annexed by Austria-Hungary. Through its purported connections to the 28 June 1914, assassination in Sarajevo of Franz Ferdinand, Archduke of Austria, the Black Hand may have been one of the principal catalysts to the start of World War I.
The Black Hand was founded on September 6, 1901.Then was the first meeting of the conspirators. At the meeting were: Captain Radomir Aranđelović, Capt. Milan F. Petrović, Capt. Dragutin Dimitrijević, Lieutenant Antonije Antić, Lt. Dragutin Dulić, Lt. Milan Marinković and Lt. Nikodije Popović. They made a plan to kill the royal couple, Aleksandar Obrenović and Draga Mašin. The birthday of Queen Draga was 11 September 1901, and in honour of this occasion preparations were being made to hold a celebration at the palace Kolarac. The main weapons of assassination chosen organised the successful assassination of King Alexander I of Serbia and his consort Draga; he confirmed that Captain Dragutin Dimitrijevic, who had personally led the group of Army officers who killed the royal couple in the Old Palace at Belgrade on the night of 28/29 May 1903 (Old Style), was also the Black Hand's leader.
On 8 October 1908, just two days after Austria annexed Bosnia and Herzegovina, many men, some of them ranking Serbian ministers, officials and generals, held a meeting at City Hall in Belgrade. They founded a semi-secret society—Narodna Odbrana (National Defense) which gave the Greater Serbia idea a focus and an organization. The purpose of the group was to liberate Serbs under the control of Austria-Hungary. They also undertook anti-Austrian propaganda and organized spies and saboteurs to operate within the empire's provinces. Satellite groups were formed in Slovenia, Bosnia, Herzegovina and Istria. The Bosnian group went under the name Mlada Bosna—Young Bosnia. In 1909, Austria pressured the Serbian government to put a stop to their anti-Austrian insurrection. Russia was not ready to stand fully behind Serbia should things come to a showdown, so Belgrade was grudgingly forced to comply. From then on, Narodna Odbrana concentrated on education and propaganda within Serbia, trying to fashion itself as a cultural organization.
Italian mafia version of the black hand
Black Hand (Italian: La Mano Nera) was a type of extortion racket. It was a method of extortion, not a criminal organization as such, though gangsters of Camorra and the Mafia practiced it.
The roots of the Black Hand can be traced to the Kingdom of Naples as early as the 1750s. However, the term as normally used in English specifically refers to the organization established by Italian immigrants in the United States during the 1880s who, though fluent in their Southern Italian regional languages, had no access to Standard Italian or even a grammar school education. A minority of the immigrants formed criminal syndicates, living alongside each other. By 1900, Black Hand operations were firmly established in the Italian-American communities of major cities including New York, Philadelphia, New Orleans, Chicago, Scranton, San Francisco, and Detroit. In 1907, a Black Hand headquarters was discovered in Hillville, Pennsylvania, a village located a few miles west of New Castle, Pennsylvania. The Black Hand in Hillville established a school designed to train members in the use of the stiletto. Although more successful immigrants were usually targeted, possibly as many as 90% of Italian immigrants and workmen in New York and other communities were threatened with extortion. Typical Black Hand tactics involved sending a letter to a victim threatening bodily harm, kidnapping, arson, or murder. The letter demanded a specified amount of money to be delivered to a specific place. It was decorated with threatening symbols like a smoking gun or hangman's noose and signed with a hand imprinted in black ink; hence the Sicilian name 'La Mano Nera (The Black Hand) which was readily adopted by the American press as "The Black Hand Society". The tenor Enrico Caruso received a Black Hand letter, on which a black hand and dagger were drawn, demanding $2,000. Although Caruso decided to pay, he again received a demand for $15,000. Realizing the extortionists would continue to demand money, he reported the incident to the police who, arranging for Caruso to drop off the money at a prearranged spot, arrested two Italian-American businessmen who retrieved the money. On occasion, Black Handers threatened other gangsters and usually faced retaliation. In Chicago, the notorious Shotgun Man murdered dozens of people in broad daylight on the same street corner during a decade-long reign of terror.
If law enforcement closed in, gangsters answered with their usual style: assassination. Victims include New Orleans police chief David Hennessy and NYPD lieutenant Joseph Petrosino. They intimidated potential witnesses even in the courtroom. The Black Hand practice in the United States disappeared in the mid 1920s after a wave of negative public opinion led organized crime figures to seek more subtle methods of extortion.
