"unnatural meaning history was written in a corrupted way and didn't naturally occur"
Romans invade England - 43 ad to 410 AD after 3 failed attempts
The words Wales and Welsh derive from WEALAS, the German word for "Romanised foreigners" used by Anglo Saxons , who were Germanic people who arrived in Britain in the 5th Century AFTER the Romans left in AD 410.
When Hadrian built his Wall in the 1st century, he split Welsh Speaker from Welsh Speaker, because the English did not arrive from Germany and the Scots from Ireland until about 400 years LATER !!
The Scots were Irish or Gaels who spoke Q Celtic . They arrived in Argyll[ Easter gael] in the 5th century.
The oldest existing Welsh poetry was composed in the Welsh speaking kingdom of Gododdin around AD 600.
850 AD - The vikings came to settle
The area eventually settled by Vikings was called the Danelaw. It formed a boundary separating Anglo-Saxon England from Viking England and was defined in a treaty between the English King Alfred and Viking King Guthrum in AD 880. It lay north of Watling Street, a Roman road running from London north-west to Chester and covered northern and eastern England. It included counties north of an imaginary line running from London to Bedford and then up to Chester.
The Vikings settled in:
Islands off the coast of Scotland - Shetland, Orkney and The Hebrides
Around the north and north west coast of Scotland
Parts of Ireland - Dublin is a Viking city
The Isle of Man
Small parts of Wales
Parts of England known as Danelaw
The Kingdom of England was formed, from 927 to 1707, a sovereign state
The Kingdom originated in the kingdoms of the ancestral English, the Anglo-Saxons, which were carved out of the former Roman province of Britannia. The minor kingdoms in time coalesced into the seven famous kingdoms known as the Heptarchy: East Anglia, Mercia, Northumbria, Kent, Essex, Sussex and Wessex. The Viking invasions shattered the pattern of the English kingdoms. The English lands were finally unified in the 10th century in a reconquest completed by King Athelstan in AD 927.
The Anglo-Saxons knew themselves as the Angelcynn, Englisc or Engle. They called their lands Engla land, meaing "Land of the Angles" (and when unified also Engla rice; "the Kingdom of the English"). In time Englaland became England.
During the Heptarchy, the most powerful King among the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms might become acknowledged as Bretwalda, a high king over the other kings. The decline of Mercia allowed Wessex to become more powerful. It absorbed the kingdoms of Kent and Sussex in 825 AD. The Kings of Wessex became increasingly dominant over the other kingdoms of England during the 9th century.
In 827 AD, Northumbria submitted to Egbert of Wessex at Dore. It has been claimed that Egbert thereby became the first king to reign over a united England, however briefly. During the following years Northumbria repeatedly changed hands between the English kings and the Norwegian invaders, but was definitively brought under English control by King Edred in 954 AD, completing the unification of England. At about this time, Lothian, the northern part of Northumbria, was ceded to the Kingdom of Scotland.
England has remained in political unity ever since. During the reign of Ethelred II (who reigned 978–1016)—known to posterity as Ethelred the Unready—a new wave of Danish invasions was orchestrated by Sweyn I of Denmark, culminating after a quarter of a century of warfare in the Danish conquest of England in 1013 AD. But Sweyn died on 2 February 1014 and Ethelred was restored to the throne. In 1015, Sweyn's son King Canute launched a new invasion. The ensuing war ended with an agreement in 1016 between Canute and Ethelred's successor, Edmund Ironside, to divide England between them, but Edmund's death on 30 November of that year left England united under Danish rule. This continued for 26 years until the death of Harthacanute in June 1042. He was the son of Canute and Emma of Normandy (the widow of Ethelred the Unready), and had no heirs of his own; he was succeeded by his half-brother, Ethelred's son, Edward the Confessor. The Kingdom of England was once again independent.
1066 - Battle of hastings
The Battle of Hastings (14 October 1066) was the decisive Norman victory in the Norman Conquest of England. It was fought between the Norman army of Duke William II of Normandy and the English army of Harold II. The English kings, lords, unknowingly sign over power to Rome.
1649 to 1660 - Oliver Cromwell and the republic of England
Cromwell was one of the signatories of King Charles I's death warrant in 1649, and he dominated the short-lived Commonwealth of England as a member of the Rump Parliament (1649–1653). He was selected to take command of the English campaign in Ireland in 1649–1650. Cromwell's forces defeated the Confederate and Royalist coalition in Ireland and occupied the country, bringing to an end the Irish Confederate Wars. During this period, a series of Penal Laws were passed against Roman Catholics (a significant minority in England and Scotland but the vast majority in Ireland), and a substantial amount of their land was confiscated. Cromwell also led a campaign against the Scottish army between 1650 and 1651.
On 20 April 1653, he dismissed the Rump Parliament by force, setting up a short-lived nominated assembly known as Barebone's Parliament before being invited by his fellow leaders to rule as Lord Protector of England (which included Wales at the time), Scotland, and Ireland from 16 December 1653. As a ruler, he executed an aggressive and effective foreign policy. He died from natural causes in 1658 and was buried in Westminster Abbey. The Royalists returned to power along with King Charles II in 1660, and they had his corpse dug up, hung in chains, and beheaded.
1688 - William of Orange and the Glorious revolution
The Immortal 7's Invitation to William was a letter sent by seven notable Englishmen, later named the Immortal Seven, to William III King of Orange, received by him on 30 June 1688. In England a Catholic male heir to the throne, James Francis Edward Stuart, had been born, and the letter asked William to force the ruling king, his uncle and father-in-law James II of England, by military intervention to make William's Protestant wife Mary, James's eldest daughter, heir, alleging that the newborn Prince of Wales was an impostor. The letter informed William that if he were to land in England with a small army, the signatories and their allies would rise up and support him. The Invitation briefly rehashed the grievances against King James. It claimed that the king's son was supposititious (fraudulently substituted) and that the English people generally believed him to be so.[1] The present consensus is that he was almost certainly their real son. It deplored that William had sent a letter to James congratulating him for the birth of his son, and offered some brief strategy on the logistics of the proposed landing of troops. It was carried to William in The Hague by Rear Admiral Arthur Herbert (the later Lord Torrington) disguised as a common sailor, and identified by a secret code. The invitation caused William to carry out his existing plans to land with a large Dutch army, culminating in the Glorious Revolution during which James was deposed and replaced by William and Mary as joint rulers. William and Mary had previously asked for such an invitation when William started to assemble an invasion force in April of that year. This request was done through secret correspondence that had been taking place since April 1687, between them and several leading English politicians, regarding how best to counter the pro-Catholic policies of James. William later justified his invasion by the fact that he was invited, which helped to disguise the military, cultural and political impact that the Dutch regime had on England at a time his reign was unpopular and he feared a popular uprising.
Great Britain
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland (commonly known as the United Kingdom, Great Britain and sometimes, as a synecdoche, as England) was the formal name and the state form of the United Kingdom from 1 January 1801 until 12 April 1927. It was formed by the merger of the Kingdom of Great Britain (itself having been a merger of the Kingdoms of England and Scotland) and the Kingdom of Ireland, with Ireland being governed directly from Westminster through its Dublin Castle administration.
Following Irish independence on 6 December 1922, when the 1921 Anglo-Irish Treaty came into effect, the name continued in official use until it was changed to the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland by the Royal and Parliamentary Titles Act of 1927. The part of the island of Ireland that remained seceded from the United Kingdom in 1922 was succeeded by the state of Ireland in 1937
Britain opens its gates to the 1st wave of Indians, pakistani's, Irish, Carribeen & other countries to do the poor jobs in society and to help build the economy after the war, but then they face years of bad experiences and racism
The history of England by David Hume
http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=VH0BAAAAQAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=england&lr=&cd=34#v=onepage&q&f=false
history in 1 vid
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1iXsuo6Ghxo
William the Conqueror, by Jacob Abbott (aBook):
http://www.tpuc.org/forum/viewtopic.php?f=35&t=8028
Life of Alfred the Great by Asser (aBook):
http://www.tpuc.org/forum/viewtopic.php?f=35&t=8029
A Short History of England by G K Chesterton (aBook):
http://www.tpuc.org/forum/viewtopic.php?f=35&t=8030
The History of the Anglo-Saxons from the Earliest Period to the Norman Conquest Vol I - III (eBooks (pdf)):
http://www.tpuc.org/forum/viewtopic.php ... 293#p21414
Books on English History (Macswin's thread):
http://www.tpuc.org/forum/viewtopic.php?f=35&t=3293
British History (Macswin again )
http://rapidshare.com/users/L86N8
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